The final edited and typeset version of record will appear in the future. Meteorological and hydrological droughts in europe european. Available studies project further increases in the frequency, duration and. Unlike meteorological droughts, hydrological droughts do not take place at the same time. Mar 11, 2020 this indicator comprises two types of drought. Use the link below to share a fulltext version of this article with your friends and colleagues. As of late july 2015, 47% of california was experiencing exceptional droughtthe most severe u. The effects of climate change on precipitation, evaporation, and extremes of floods and droughts are elucidated. On this background, the aride assessment of the regional impact of droughts in europe project, in the framework of which this study was carried out, addressed different aspects of hydrological drought at the paneuropean scale. Hydrologists as distinct from economists or social scientists define drought according to water deficits in some component of the hydrological cycle precipitation, soil moisture, river flow and groundwater or the impact on the level of service provided to public water supply, irrigation or hydropower demands.
It is, therefore, crucial to understand the development and recovery of hydrological drought. Zolotokrylin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss agricultural, and hydrologic phenomena. Amarillo water supply, lake meredith currently \empty o cial dead pool elev is 2850 ft, 2011 record low of 2842. Droughts pdf download types of droughts and factors the term drought in simple words is the absence of water for a long period of time, at a place where it is considered abnormal as compared to its usual conditions. All rivers in the region originate in the alborz mountains, south of the study area. Usually expressions of deficiencies in surface and subsurface water supplies. Hydrological drought characteristics number, duration and standardized. Hydrological aspects of the 1988 drought in illinois hydrological aspects of the 1988 drought in illinois wendland, wayne m. Types, causes and effects of droughts earth eclipse. The dyk is a suite of notes that attempt to explain or clarify complex climate phenomena, climate monitoring products and methodologies, and climate system insights. Meteorological and hydrological droughts in europe. Because the climate is changing from human activities, and there is a direct effect on the hydrological cycle, water resources will also change. Texas 2011 drought worst singleyear drought in texas history drought monitor, also seasonal drought outlook severe impacts, e. Much stronger hydrological and agricultural drought signals than meteorological drought all aspects of drought increase in southwest u.
Jul 22, 2008 a variety of indices for characterising hydrological drought have been devised which, in general, are data demanding and computationally intensive. Hydrological drought characteristics ipb university. Socioeconomic, when human activities are affected by reduced precipitation and related water availability. To this end, we define the term ecological drought as an episodic deficit in water availability that drives ecosystems beyond thresholds of vulnerability, impacts ecosystem services, and triggers feedbacks. Almost all drought impacts are related to soil moisture drought or. Depending on the considered hydroclimatic variables and impacted aspects, drought can be defined as meteorological drought, hydrological drought, agricultural drought, and socioeconomic drought mishra et al. Different drought indices agree that the increase is greatest in southern europe. The distribution of water on the earths surface is not even. The drought conditions resulted from anomalous patterns in the general atmospheric circulation that diverted gulf and subtropical atlantic moisture away from the basin. Lags in hydrologic recovery following an extreme drought. Drought is evaluated in terms of the magnitude and duration of the 1988 spring and summer precipitation shortfall, nents is investigated, relative to the. Recovery from hydrological drought is usually prolonged, considering the time it takes to recharge streams and lakes.
Hydrological drought this kind of drought manifests when there is evidently low water supply, more so in natural rivers and lakes, reservoirs, streams, and groundwater levels. These are the accepted, unedited articles published online and citable. Parameters of 450 strongest agricultural droughts in the world from 1980 to 2008, as well as time variations of those parameters, are conside. The main objective of this chapter is to present a range of quantitative hydrological drought characteristics, the interrelationship between them and how to derive them. Hydrological models simulations confirmreject assumptions of the hydrological system if proved to be valuable, the selected aspects of reality can be reproduced in the chosen spatial and temporal resolution. Rogers, department of geography and office of state climatologist, the ohio state university, columbus, oh 4321061 abstract. Whereas the physical aspects of drought, agricultural impacts, government and donor responses as well as household, coping and survival strategies in the event of drought have been well studied, there has been little research on either the nonagricultural or economywide macroeconomic impacts in subsaharan africa. The frequency and severity of global droughtinduced impacts have led to raising awareness of the need for improved river. The frequency and severity of hydrological drought is often defined on a watershed or river basin scale. Guidebook to studies of land subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal. Drought conditions make it unsuitable for plants and vegetation cover to survive. Hydrologic and human aspects of the 197677 drought ebook.
Drought can be defined in terms of precipitation and temperatures, that is, meteorological and hydrological drought. The effects of hydrological drought on water quality 53 to fisheries downstream in the caspian sea and agricultural activities, which are the main source of rice production in the country. Hydrological drought is a textbook for university students, practising hydrologists and researchers. Precipitation and palmer hydrological drought index phdi data have been used to identify past. Drought is subdivided into different types of drought related to the variables of the hydrological cycle, precipitation meteorological drought, soil moisture soil moisture drought, and groundwater and streamflow hydrological drought tallaksen and van lanen, 2004. Hydrological drought a comparative study using daily discharge series from around the world referent. The hydrological aspects of droughts and lowwater periods were analyzed based on the authors archive on minimal river runoff, including about 2000 manyyear series. The drought phenomenon and its diversity across the world are illustrated using a global set of daily streamflow series, whereas regional and local aspects of drought are studied using a combination of hydrological time series and catchment information. Indicators and aspects of hydrological drought in lebanon.
Methods to describe droughts at a single site and over a region are introduced. Projected future aridity is presented based on recent studies and our analysis of model simulations. Hydrologic aspects of the 199899 drought in the delaware river basin by gary n. Hydrological drought severity explained by climate and.
Drought indices and early warning systems for drought. Drought hazard transferability from meteorological to. It can also be defined based on the impacts of the reduced precipitation on the economy and social aspects of the lives of people, that is agricultural and socioeconomic drought fao, 2004. Regional perspectives africa, asia, south america, north and central america, southwest pacific, and europe impacts of drought hydrological and agricultural droughts drought monitoring. Compared with other drought aspects, the recovery of drought especially in the hydrological components, which directly relates to the recovery of water resources for agricultural, ecological and human needs, is lessunderstood. Hydrological aspects of the 1988 drought in illinois deepdyve.
Working together in weather, climate and water wmo omm. Agricultural drought links various characteristics of meteorological or hydrological drought to agricultural impacts, focusing on precipitation shortages, differences between actual and potential evapotranspiration, soil water deficits, reduced groundwater or reservoir levels, and so forth. The frequency and severity of meteorological and hydrological droughts have increased in most parts of europe. Pdf indicators and aspects of hydrological drought in lebanon. Links various categories of meteorological and hydrological drought to agricultural impacts, focusing primarily on soil water deficits and differences between actual and potential evapotranspiration situations with insufficient soil moisture level to meet the plant needs during growing season. Meteorological drought, agricultural drought, hydrological drought and socialeconomic drought 9.
Drought is evaluated in terms of the magnitude and duration of the 1988 spring and summer precipitation shortfall, nents is. In two selected contrasting climate regions spain and the netherlands the propagation of recharge droughts generally leads to smaller hydrological droughts, except for severe recharge droughts, which might generate very severe hydrological droughts. For example, agricultural and hydrological droughts appear when the water shortage significantly affects the agricultural or hydrologic activity. Hydrological drought is associated with the effects of periods of precipitation including snowfall shortfalls on surface or subsurface water supply i.
Besides, fertile lands are lost as a result of drought, and in consequence, desertification sets in. Hydrological drought assessment is necessary because human activities depend on either surface water or groundwater resources 17. Pdf indicators and aspects of hydrological drought in. Socio economic impacts of droughts and economic instruments.
Table 1 major impacts of drought in relation to the different drought categories. This paper summarises different techniques for defining a drought. Sep 2003mar 2010, concurrent meteorological and hydrological droughts warszawa. Drought studies must focus not only on the hydrological characterization of the phenomena but also formulate the results in terms of engineering risk. Wilhite, director school of natural resources the challenge for early warning systems. Usually expressions of precipitations departure from normal over some period of time. Monitoring of meteorological and hydrological droughts in. Droughts in europe project, in the framework of which this study was carried out, addressed different aspects of hydrological drought at the paneuropean scale. Hydrological, when deficiencies occur in surface and subsurface water supplies. Socioeconomic drought occurs when the demand for an economic good exceeds supply as a result of a weatherrelated deficit in water supply. A methodology for characterising the severity of hydrological droughts is proposed which uses an index. Krejmas, and heidi l soden abstract a notable drought in the delaware river basin during late 1998 and most of 1999 had a major effect on surface and subsurface components of the hydrologic system. In lebanon, these water sources are witnessing obvious quantitative decrease, thus affected the supply side, the socalled hydrologic drought. Drought analysis of monthly hydrological sequences.
Hydrological drought explained wiley online library. In addition, there is no general agreement for drought definition even within each drought category. Whereas the physical aspects of drought, agricultural impacts, government and. Droughts pdf download types of droughts and factors. The second phase is the terrestrial phase, which describes water movement in, over, and through the earth. Hydrological drought hydrological drought is based on the impact of rainfall. Many of these impacts are associated with hydrological drought drought in rivers, lakes, and groundwater. Many of these impacts are associated with hydrological drought drought in rivers, lakes. Hoyt 1938 defined the drought in humid and semihumid areas with an annual precipitation deficiency of 15 percent. Drought is a complex natural hazard that impacts ecosystems and society in many ways. A notable drought in the delaware river basin during late 1998 and most of 1999 had a major effect on surface and subsurface components of the hydrologic system. Hydrological drought a comparative study using daily. The effects of hydrological drought on water quality. A meteorological drought is defined in terms of precipitation deficiency, which may be exacerbated by high temperature associated with high evapotranspiration.
Hydrological drought 1st edition hydrological drought 1st edition the book hydrological drought processes and estimation methods for streamflow and groundwater, edited by lena m. Document, government publication, national government publication, internet resource. There is a difference between low flow conditions and meteorological drought. Hydrological models simulations confirmreject assumptions of the hydrological system if proved to be valuable, the selected aspects of reality can be. The above cases were also observed in other regions of europe at the turn of the twentyfirst century blauhut et al.
A hydrological drought index for the clutha catchment, new. As an intermittent disturbance in the hydrological cycle, drought has profound impacts on many natural systems and socio. Click on the title to browse this list of accepted articles. Results showed that at short accumulation periods meteorological drought characteristics showed little spatial variability, whilst hydrological drought characteristics showed fewer but longer and more severe droughts in the south and east than in the north and west of the uk. Desertification is whereby the lands become infertile and bare, frequently as a result of overgrazing and is exacerbated by drought which makes it difficult for. General drought definitions have already been presented in section 1. Climatological aspects of drought in ohio1 jeffrey c. Hydrologic aspects of the 199899 drought in the delaware. Drought is a recurrent feature of the european climate that affects considerable fractions of the european population each year.
This form of drought associates human activities with elements of meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological drought. As one of the most complex and severe natural hazards, drought has widespread impacts on society and the environment. Pdf hydrological drought download full pdf book download. Assessment of hydrological drought revisited springerlink. The impact of drought on subsaharan african economies. Mar 11, 2020 drought is a recurrent feature of the european climate that affects considerable fractions of the european population each year.
215 1286 104 172 740 307 1520 494 452 869 559 711 1254 1365 66 1622 442 678 1518 822 1639 1166 1634 347 703 639 457 1258 817 697 821 743 875 893 1123 45 99 817 593 866 507 417 1440 714 76 1253